This assessment is usually carried out by an andrologist-urologist, especially when the spermogram reveals unexplained anomalies. The assessment is based on the medical history and a medical examination of the patient. This includes the search for testicular anomalies, namely: non or maldescent of the testes, the presence of a varicocele or a tumour, and the absence of deferent ducts. We may also conduct blood tests and run tests for sexually transmitted diseases.

The doctor will determine whether the above factors explain all or part of the spermogram results. Other specific tests such as testicular and scrotal ultrasound examinations or the advice of other specialists (endocrinology, genetics) may also be necessary.

In the case of azoospermia (absence of sperm cells in the ejaculate), the assessment should allow to determine its (obstructive or secretory) origin and eventually lead to a testicular biopsy and the freezing of the collected tissues.

The urological assessment is also the right place to discuss erectile dysfunction or other sexological problems.

The illustration below displays the male reproductive organs.

Andrological and urological assessment for men